SYPHILIS AND PREGNANCY IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF CACHOEIRAS DE MACACU: EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROFILE FROM 2016 TO 2022

Abstract

Introduction: Syphilis remains a relevant public health problem and may be vertically transmitted, resulting in congenital syphilis, a condition associated with adverse fetal and neonatal outcomes. In Brazil, an increase in reported cases of congenital syphilis has been observed, particularly in the Southeast region, highlighting the importance of epidemiological surveillance and the quality of prenatal care. Objective: To describe the epidemiological profile of gestational syphilis and congenital syphilis in reported cases in the municipality of Cachoeiras de Macacu, Rio de Janeiro, from 2016 to 2022, and to identify the incidence rate of congenital syphilis during this period. Methods: A retrospective and descriptive study was conducted using secondary data from compulsory notification records and national health information systems, complemented by interviews with mothers of newborns reported with congenital syphilis in the municipality between 2016 and 2022. Incidence was calculated based on the rate of congenital syphilis in children under one year of age. Results: During the study period, 40 cases of congenital syphilis in children under one year of age were reported, with the highest occurrence in 2022 (42.5%). After a decline between 2016 and 2019 and no reported cases in 2020, an increase was observed in 2021 and 2022. Among the interviewed women, a higher frequency was observed among Black and Brown women, predominantly aged 21 to 30 years, mainly residing in the Japuíba neighborhood. Participants reported receiving prenatal care, with initiation of visits predominantly occurring by the 12th week of gestation. The VDRL/RPR test was the main diagnostic method reported, and most women stated they had received treatment. A proportion of participants underwent syphilis testing only at the time of hospital admission for delivery. Conclusion: A recent increase in congenital syphilis cases was observed in the municipality of Cachoeiras de Macacu. Reported cases were characterized by a sociodemographic profile predominantly involving Black and Brown women aged 21 to 30 years and residing mainly in the Japuíba neighborhood. These findings highlight the importance of adequate follow-up of pregnant women and newborns to ensure timely diagnosis and treatment, contributing to improved prenatal care and monitoring of populations at risk.